Hardware can work on orders that have been specified therein, or which is also referred to as the instruction set. With the commands that can be understood by the hardware, then the hardware can perform many activities that have been specified by the command.
Physically, the computer consists of several components, which is a system. System are the components work together to form a union. If one component does not work, will result in malfunction of the existing processes with a good computer. Computer components are included in the category of hardware elements (hardware). Based on the function, the computer hardware is divided into:
A. divice input (input unit)
2. Process device (processing unit)
3. Output device (unit output)
4. Backing Storage (storage unit)
5. Peripherals (additional units)
The basic components of the computer consists of input, process, output and storage. The input device consists of a keyboard and mouse, Process device is microprocessor (ALU, Internal Communication, and Control Registers section), Output device consists of a monitor and printer, external memory storage consists of hard drives, floppy drives, CD ROM, magnetic tape. Internal storage memory comprises RAM and ROM. While the components of Peripheral Device is an additional component or as a component that does not exist or did not exist before. Peripheral components of this example: TV Tuner Card, Modem, Capture Card.
A. Unit Input (Input Device)
This unit serves as a medium for loading data from the outside in a memory and processor to be processed to produce the required information. Input devices or input unit which is generally used personal computer (PC) is a keyboard and mouse, keyboard and mouse is a unit that connects the user (users) with a computer. In addition there is a joystick, which is used for playing games or games with a computer. Then the scanner, to take pictures as digital images that can later be manipulated. Touch panel, with the touch of a finger users can perform a file access process. Microphone, to record the sound into the computer.
Data is entered into the computer system can be shaped input signal input and maintenance. Signal input form data entered into the computer system, while maintenance program input form used to process the data entered. So in addition to input device used to input data can also be used to enter the program. By its nature, the input devices can be classified into two general categories:
• peratalan direct input, the input is entered directly processed by the processing tool. For example: keyboard, mouse, touch screen, light pen, graphics digitizer tablet, scanner.
• Equipment not a direct input, input via a particular medium before an input is processed by a processing tool. For example: the punched card, floppy disk, hard disk.
Unit of input or input device consists of several kinds of devices, namely:
a. Keyboard
Keyboard input is the most important unit in a data processing with computers. The keyboard works include letters, numbers, special characters as well as a medium for the user (users) to perform other commands are required, such as saving a file and open the file. Creation of a computer keyboard comes from the model of typewriter is invented and patented by Christopher Latham in 1868, and in 1887 the company manufactured and marketed by Remington. The keyboard is digunakanan now this is kind of QWERTY, in 1973, was inaugurated as the keyboard standard keyboard ISO (International Standards Organization). The number keys on the keyboard consists of 104 keys. The keyboard is now that we know has some kind of port, the serial port, ps2, usb and wireless.
qwerty keyboard
Type of Keyboard:
A.) QWERTY
2.) Dvorak
3.) KLOCKENBERG
Keyboard typically used is the type QWERTY keyboard, which is shaped like the keys on the typewriter. The QWERTY keyboard has four parts:
A. typewriter key
2. numeric key
3. function key
4. special function key.
b. Mouse
Mouse is one input unit (input device). This tool is a function pointer or cursor to move quickly. In addition, orders can be as practical and faster than the keyboard. Mouse began to be used to its full potential since the operating system has been based GUI (Graphical User Interface). electrical signals as a mouse input device is generated by a small ball inside the mouse, according to the shifting or movement. Most of the mouse consists of three buttons, two buttons are generally only used the left button and right button. Currently the mouse is also equipped with rollers (scroll), where the location of the button is located in the middle. The term suppression is called by clicking the left button (Click) where the emphasis is going to function when the mouse is on a designated object, but if not on a designated object of this emphasis will be ignored. There are also other terms that are called by dragging (drag) is pressing the left mouse button without releasing the while being moved. This drag will cause the object to be moved or copied to other objects and other possibilities. The emphasis of the left mouse button twice quickly and regularly referred to by double-clicking (double click) while pressing the right mouse button once called by right-clicking (right click) Mouse port is composed of several serial mouse, mouse ps / 2, USB and wireless .
the mouse
c. Touchpad
Enter this unit can usually be found on laptops and notebooks, by using your fingertips. Normally this unit can be used instead of a mouse. In addition to the touchpad is a model of similar units that enter the pointing stick and trackball.
Touch Pad
Touch Pad Track Ball
Pointing Stick
Light pens are electronic pointers that are used for the modification and to design an image with a screen (monitor). Light pen has a sensor that can transmit light signals to a computer which is then recorded, where the monitor works by recording the electronic signal every six rows per second.
the Light Pen
This tool is commonly used in games (games) computer. Joy Stick is usually a stick, while the games are usually paddle-shaped or square box made of plastic comes with buttons that will govern the motion of an object in a computer.
Picture Joy Stick and Paddle Games
Barcode included in the input unit (input device). Function of this tool is to read a code that shaped boxes or bold vertical lines which are then translated into numbers. These codes are usually attached to food products, beverages, electronics and books. Today, every cashier in the supermarket or supermarkets in Indonesia to identify the products it sells with a barcode.
Barcode Reader
example barcode
g. Scanner
Scanner is a tool that can function to copy or copy images or text which is then stored in computer memory. Of the next computer memory, stored in a hard disk or floppy disk. This scanner functions like copy machines, copy machines the difference is that the results can be seen on the paper while the scanner results can be displayed via the monitor in advance so we can make improvements or modifications and can then be stored back in the form of text file or image file. In addition there is also a scanner to scan images that are commonly used to detect the computer answer sheet. Scanners used to scan the computer answer sheet SCAN IR is commonly used for LJK (Computer Answer Sheet) on general tests and the National Examination. Scan type consists of light called optical sensor, which can recognize the type 2B pencil. Scanners on the market is a scanner to copy an image or photo and usually also equipped with OCR (Optical Character Recognition) to copy or copy the object in text form.
Scanner
h. Digital Cameras
Technological developments have advanced so that the computer is capable of receiving input from the camera. The camera is called the Digital camera with better image quality and better than I copy the image using a scanner. Sharpness of images from digital cameras is determined by its pixels. Ease and practicality of this tool is helpful a lot of activities and jobs. Digital cameras do not need a movie camera as usual. Pictures taken with digital cameras stored into the memory of the camera is in the form of files, and can be moved or transferred to a computer. Digital cameras on the market today there are many different types, ranging from the type of camera to take pictures with the camera static up to recording live or moving images such as video.
digital cameras
Input units serves to record or insert sound to be stored in computer memory or to listen to the voice. With a microphone, you can record sound or can talk to people who we want when chat. Use of this microphone would require other hardware that serves to receive the voice input sound card and speakers to hear the sound.
headphones
Technology Computer Aided Design (CAD) can make the design of the building, house, car engines, and aircraft using the Graphics Pads. Graphics input input pads is to draw objects on the monitor. Graphics pads used to have two types. First, using a needle (stylus) which is connected to the pad or pads using low voltages, which are included on the bearing surface of the touch-sensitive membrane (touch sensitive surface membrane). Low voltage that is sent is then translated into the coordinates of X - Y. Second, using a touch-sensitive pad (touch sensitive pad) without using a needle. It works by putting on the pads of drawing paper, and inscribed in pencil.
2. Process device (processing unit)
Power Supplay
Lower supplay providing electrical current to various devices CPU power supplay converting electricity and providing electricity to use a computer fixed. Supplay determine the quality of power quality performance of the computer. 300-400 of the power supplied wat supplay usually enough for a computer that is used for typing or graphic. Meanwhile, 400-500 watts of power is required if the computer works to use a lot of use peripherals (additional units).
RAM (Random Access Memory) - Memory
RAM stands for Random Access Memory is usually referred to as short-term memory ie. Memory or RAM is a computer hardware device that serves as a temporary data storage. Memory works by storing and supplying the necessary data required by the fast processor to be processed into information. understanding ram more detail click here
Graphics card (unit output)
Graphics card or video card is an expansion card whose function is to create and display on-screen displays. This graphics card consists of a series of electronic components. Usually embedded in the CPU slot on the main board on the computer. Some graphics cards offer other functions, such as video capture and TV tuner adapter for, describes the MPEG-2 and MPEG-4, FireWire, and connect to multiple screens. Some companies that make graphics cards include ATI famous, Matrox, and NVIDIA.
Processor (processing unit)
Understanding processor, or CPU which is usually called, is the brain of the computer. The processor is the component that executes the complex calculations that allow computers to be used to surf, play a song in iTunes, and run your operating system, meaning the processor <- full click here
Motherboard (processing unit)
Motherboard or main board is the circuit board where a variety of interconnected electronic components, motherboards commonly abbreviated to mobo said. On this motherboard hardware such as hard drive, ram, processor, graphics card, and other associated hardware.
Motherboards are mostly found in the market today is the PC's motherboard was first made on the basis of order to fit the IBM PC specification.
3. Output device (unit output)
Monitor
computer monitor is one type of soft-copy device, because the output is in the form of an electronic signal, in this case is an image that appears on the screen. Images that appear are the result of processing the data or information input. Monitor has a variety of sizes like a television screen. Each brand and size of the monitors have different resolution levels. This resolution was the one who will determine the sharpness of the image can be displayed on the monitor screen. The types of monitors is now very diverse, ranging from large shapes with convex screens, up to a thin shape with a flat screen (flat).
Printer
The printer is a hardware device that is connected to the computer that serves to menghasilan either written or printed from a computer image on paper or similar media. There are three kinds of printer types, namely type metrix Dot Printer, Ink jet printers and laser jet printer. click here -> printer definition more detail
speaker
Sepaker here the same sense with the speakers in general, the speakers are transducers that convert electrical signals into audio frequency (sound) to vibrate the way a form of membrane components.
4. Backing Storage (storage unit)
Hard drive (HDD)
Hard disk drive can also be called a hard drive (HDD) or hard drive (HD), Hard Drive is a one of the computer hardware that serves as a secondary data storage, in the disk contains a magnetic disc. Hard drive was first invented by one IBM engineer, he was Reynold Johnson in 1956. Hard drive is also known as a hard disk was first consisted of 50 discs measuring 2 feet or 0.6 meters, with a rotation speed reaches 1200 rpm (rotation per minute) with a storage capacity of 4.4 MB.
The data stored in the hard disk will not disappear when not given voltage. In a hard disk, there is usually more than one dish to increase the capacity of data that can be accommodated.
Fiskiknya size hard drive in its development becomes increasingly thin and small but has a capacity of very large data. The hard disk when not only be installed on the device (internal) but can also be mounted outside the (external) using a USB cable or other cable support.
5. Peripherals (additional units)
Examples of computer hardware that is included in additional units or peripherals such as
Modem
understanding Modulator is a circuit that serves the modulation process, the process of "laying" the data on the frequency of the carrier wave (carrier signal) to signal the information / message to be sent to the receiver via a particular medium (such as cable or air media), usually a sine wave . In this case the message signal is also called pemodulasi signal. Data from a computer in the form of digital signals converted to analog signals, click here for modem sense more detail
sound card
Sound card (Sound Card) is a computer hardware used to record sound and voice. At first, Sound Card only as a complement of computers. But now, the sound card is required on each computer. Judging from the way of installation, sound cards, divided into 3:
- Sound Card Onboard, the sound card that attaches directly to the computer motherboard.
- Sound Card Offboard, the sound card to install in the slot ISA / PCI on the motherboard. On average, now it uses PCI
- External soundcard, sound card is the use of which is connected to a computer via an external port such as USB or FireWire
reference: rudihd.wordpress.com, id.wikipedia.org
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